By Hazel Robertson, Regional Organiser for Scotland
Being a feminist activist in Scotland, a country which now has twice the number of panda bears than Conservative MPs, is often quite different to our colleagues in the rest of the UK. I have recently been recruited by UK Feminista as one of the Regional Organiser for the whole of Scotland. One of the reasons these volunteers positions have been created is to account for and react to regional differences whilst still working towards the central feminist goals that UK Feminista embodies.
Being an activist in a devolved area can be quite an isolating experience. We must respond to a different layer of Government, in a unique legal system which affects the issues we can campaign on. We work in a distinctive political setting and with activist groups and UK media that can be unwittingly Anglocentric: Scotland’s top news story will be a footnote in the middle pages of the UK broadsheets and even UK feminist groups can miss out Scotland. I’ll be spending the next year working towards developing and promoting feminist activism in Scotland; responding to the distinct political and culture setting but also making sure that we are very much included in UK wide feminist conversations. This article is the beginners guide to being a Scottish feminist: what arena we work in and what we can achieve.
Politics
Scotland operates in a very different political landscape than the rest of the UK: In Holyrood we currently have a majority SNP government following their landslide 2011 election. Scotland also has an almost negligible level of Conservatives: with 1 MP and 15 MSPs. Infact, the Scottish Conservatives have such a meagre role that there was a suggestion this year that the party be completely reformed under a different guise.
There’s a lot of theories as to why Scots tend not to vote Conservative: the belief that Scots are inherently more egalitarian than their English counterparts; that Scots doggedly hold on to the image of Thatcher as the milk-stealing, shipyard-closing, poll-taxing bogey-women; that more of Scotland’s population is of a low socio-economic status and therefore vote for parties on the left. Whatever the reason, Scotland’s current political landscape is dominated by Labour and the SNP: Labour has it heartlands of steadfast support in the central belt of Scotland. I’m from the sort of Labour safe seat where any animal, vegetable or mineral could run under the Labour banner and still win (I’m still waiting on Scottish Labour to try this theory out). Whereas the SNP are more popular in the North and do better in Scottish elections than UK elections with only 6 MPs but 68 MSPs.
A lot of the time the political landscape of Scotland can feel out of synch with the rest of the UK. On election night in 2010 flicking between the Scottish coverage and the UK coverage felt like watching election results in different worlds. While the UK Conservatives came to an uneasy victory, Scotland was only notable in that absolutely nothing happened. People with a pro-independence bent highlight the ‘democratic deficit’ of having a UK government made, and heavily controlled, by a party that Scottish voters practically swerve to avoid.
Devolution
Being a devolved country means there is another layer of government to attend to. Legislative powers are divided between the reserved powers at Westminster (including foreign affairs, defence, financial and economic matters, national security, immigration and nationality, trade and industry, social security, employment, and importantly for feminist activists: abortion, genetics, surrogacy, medicines and equal opportunities) and the devolved powers at Holyrood- which includes things like housing, transport, health, education, policing and justice. Although the UK Government maintains control over more legislative areas the Scottish Parliament have complete control over the domains that affect the everyday lives of Scots, such as the education, health and transport. Importantly for feminists, the Scottish government has control over justice policy and the police.
The Law
Scotland has its own unique legal system and jurisdiction over legal issues. The important differences for feminists to be concerned about are corroboration of evidence and the ability of a jury to return a ‘not proven’ verdict. Both of these idiosyncrasies have implications for domestic violence and rape cases in which there may be a lack of suitable evidence aside from the victim’s testimony. This is borne out by Scotland’s rape conviction rate stubbornly sitting at slightly less than 3%; about half of the UK average. The recent published ‘Carloway Review’ recommends a change in the law that would mean rape cases were excused from corroboration of evidence. As a result, it is projected that the rape conviction rate will ‘soar’ to the UK average. This is a certainly a welcome change but hardly worth celebrating that the best we can hope for is to catch up with the UK’s dire statistics.[1]
Independence
There is a real prospect of Scotland becoming an independent country. The SNP plans a referendum on Scottish Independence in Autumn 2014. It is unclear if at this point if there may be a third, ‘devolution max’ option, which would mean more legislative powers for Scotland especially in regards to fiscal powers. In all likelihood there will be an independence referendum and the very real possibility of a Scottish divorce from the rest of the UK. The implications for Scottish feminists is that we will be even more removed from the UK feminist dialogue and will continue to tailor our campaigning and our activism to respond to specifically Scottish issues.
So, what of the current SNP Scottish Government and their feminist credentials?
Without having equality in their remit, the SNPs Government has claimed to do a lot for women in Scotland. For instance:
What should we be doing?
Welcome as some of the SNP’s initiatives are, there is doubtlessly a lot more the SNP Government could be doing for women in Scotland. There are also Scotland specific issues that we, as feminists, should demand are addressed. Scottish Feminista has put together a wish list of initiatives and policies:
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Safety: last year a deplorable number of sexual assaults took place in Scotland. Glasgow has been particularly dangerous with 900 sex-related incidents in the period 2010-2011 in Glasgow city centre. Action is needed to make all city centres safer for everyone. More police, better transport links and lighting could also contribute to this.
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Rape conviction rate: is still lingering around the 3% mark. A lack of reporting, difficulty in prosecution, persistent rape myths affecting perceptions on what rape actually is all contribute to this. Scotland’s record on rape conviction is worse than the UK’s and any other crime which had this low a conviction rape would be a public outrage. As mentioned, a proposed change to the law would remove the need for complete corroboration of evidence but information campaigns on what rape is and how to report it could encourage more women to come forward.
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Resist cuts to services, especially for vulnerable groups: Women’s Aid reported in April that 60% of refuges and 72% of out-reach services had no agreed funding. The Women’s Support Project in Glasgow will receive no funding from Glasgow City Council from March 2012. More women work in the increasingly underfunded public sector. Funding cuts are having a disproportionate effect on women and the Scottish Government should ensure that any cuts to funding do not have a discriminating effect on women.
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No recourse to public funds: Women coming to Scotland as asylum seekers, refugees or on student and spousal visas often fall prey to this rule which would deny them support and the ability to escape an abusive relationship. This rule should be overturned or there at least should be a fund of money available to help women in these circumstances.
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Limit lap dancing clubs: Lap dancing clubs contribute to the commercialisation of sex, the perception of women as sexual objects, creates ‘no go’ areas for women in city centres and financially exploit women who work in these clubs. Local councils should be given more powers to reject applications from lap dancing clubs.
Over the next 10 months, Scottish Feminista will be promoting feminist activism with these key ideas in mind. We’ll be developing strong grassroots support from male and female feminists throughout the whole of Scotland who think that more needs to be done to improve the lives of women in Scotland.
[1] http://www.rapecrisisscotland.org.uk/news/carloway-review-rape-crisis-scotland-statement/
[2] http://www.snp.org/media-centre/news/2011/mar/success-scotlands-women-womens-day